KOLUMNI: Rikkaruoho, jota aikuinen mies pelkää

Onkohan tässä ensimmäinen Montsanton selättäjä??
Ihan totta. Amerikkalaiset viljelijät olivat enemmän kuin tyytyväisiä Monsanton GMO siemeniin viidentoista vuoden ajan. Sitten Amarantus Palmeri eli palmerin amarantti suostunutkaan tottelemaan Roundup rikkaruohomyrkkyä - ei vaikka sitä levitettiin ihan mahdottomia määriä.

Hah hah haa Monsanto:
Vitsi on siinä, että samainen amarantti on Wikipedian mukaa:

Rassirevonhäntä (Amaranthus palmeri) on aikaisemmin ollut ruokakasvi, mutta nykyisin se on rikkakasvi. Siitä on muodostunut Monsanton Roundupia eli glyfosaattia kestäviä kantoja.^[1]

KOLUMNI: Rikkaruoho, jota aikuinen mies pelkää | Kotimaa | YLE Uutiset | yle.fi

Tässä linkkejä:
Ranskankielinen artikkeli

Vilkasta keskustelua Riikka Söyringin blogissa / Uusi Suomi
Kuka hyötyy gm-viljelystä? USAssa kehittynyt hirviökasveja, joita ei voi tappaa



http://fi.babelfish.yahoo.com/translate_txt käännöskoneen tuottama enlanninkielinen versio:


Marianna, Forrest City (Arkansas, the United States) Special correspondent Ken Smith, professor d' agronomy with l' university of l' Arkansas, had defendant: " You will see. What impresses in our agriculture, c' is its dimension and its intensité." Indeed, in Mid-South American, l' agriculture resembles an industry. All is disproportionate: fields cut with the chalk line; machines for to sow, collect, épandre pesticides; swirls of dust who go up to the sky, raised by cueilleuses cotton mechanics and record players of the farmers.

But, for some time, the most modern farmers of the world must return to tools d' another age, the hoe and the shovel, for to dislodge the bad grass which invades their fields. L' amaranth of Micrometer caliper is called pigweed (l' bleaches on grass with pig), inter alia terms if coarse that the farmers n' do not dare to repeat them. This n' is not one small insane grass but " a monstre" , known as Claude Kennedy, director of the experimental agricultural station of the borough of Marianna: " It is of more in more aggressive and takes forms so strange that sometimes it makes me almost peur." The plant can push of 5 centimetres per day and to reach more than 2 meters in height. With its branches whirling, she points out the tortured trees which populate them films of the Master of fantastic, Tim Burton. It happens that its roots the reaping-machines break.

It is the nondesired kid d' a marriage which was a long time without clouds between the American farmers and seeds GMO Roundup Ready, technology headlight of Monsanto. The principle: a gene of tolerance with l' total weedkiller Roundup is introduced into a plant cultivated. When the product is épandu, all bad grasses die, while l' GMO survives.

Farmers of l' Arkansas speak about l' age d' however of this system with stars in the eyes. " These seeds arrived in 1996, remembers Sid Fogg, farmer of cotton and soya. C' was formidable. One sowed, one passed twice from Roundup and one had the fields them cleaner, prettiest qu' vus." is never had;

In the United States, 58% of cotton, 66% of corn and 93% of soya are Roundup Ready. Majority of the GMO cultivated in the world also, and it glyphosate, contained in Roundup, is the molecule weedkiller more used on ground. In l' Arkansas, the landscape was upset. ploughing - a means of fighting against bad grasses - was given up. Ten d' weedkillers which divided the market were swept. Each one could cultivate more. The exploitations increased, the farmers nouveau riches. " All was easy, too facile" , leaves to fall l' farmer Bill Wilkie.

This blessed time is completed. " Natural mother n' in made qu' with its tête" , summarize Sid Fogg. At the end of fifteen years d' intensive use and exclusive of glyphosate, ten bad grasses, present at l' origin in modest quantities, became resistant to the product. Of which Amaranthus palmeri. " The mechanism of the natural selection played, explain Ken Smith. In the initial population, certain individuals were naturally resistant, they are multipliés."

Some 6 d' million; hectares are touched in twenty-two States American, according to the last estimates, is a little less than 10% surfaces GMO of the country. The south-east of the United States, heart of production of cotton and soya, is most concerned. But grasses undesirable gain ground constantly. " Everywhere where there is use exclusive of the glyphosate, the problem will arise early or tard" , affirms Claude Kennedy. Resistances were already observed in one about fifteen country, of which China, l' Argentina, Brazil, or Canada.

" New varieties of seeds Roundup Ready continue d' to arrive on the market, like l' alfalfa or the beet sugar, raises David Mortensen, specialist in adventitious with l' university of Pennsylvania. That will exacerbate the problème." Burning defender of the glyphosate, qu' it compare with penicillin in medicine, l' Australian academic Stephen Powles sees in its loss d' " effectiveness; a threat for the production food mondiale".

In l' Arkansas, l' explosion took place this year. The farmers have summer taken by surprise. " One thought that could arrive, but not as much, also vite" , West Higgins testifies in front of l' one of its fields, where its soya was literally choked. In the restaurants where farmers find themselves for breakfast before l' paddle, them pigweeds became the subject number one of conversation. " Reflex camera, Treflex, Dual, Valor… " : sat at table at Cleo, in Marianna, Rusty Casing and Chad Russel, two producers of soya and cotton, enumerate them products qu' they try d' to apply. " old woman chimie" , they say. Treflan, which appears in good place in the Museum of the cotton of Memphis, dates from 1964.

Certain molecules make l' d' object; a monitoring of l' Arranges American for the protection of l' environment (EPA) because of risks for l' water. The dicamba, used for " brûler" the bad ones grass in spring, is particularly aggressive. C' is a derivative of 2,4-D, a component of l' orange agent, defoliant used during war of Vietnam. On the whole, the treatments were at least multiplied by three. " But nothing n' in really comes to bout" , observes Rusty Casing.

Then, this summer, an army of days laborer weeded with the hoe the fields of cotton in all the south-east of the United States, of never-considering since years 1960. " The field is clean during two or three weeks, then they reviennent" , notes, bitter, Chad Russel. Each female contains 250.000 seeds. " I fear that is not of worse into worse, Bill breath Wilkie. I do not know where one va."

" Sometimes, I think of my father, is afflicted Sid Fogg. S' he saw all these bad grasses, it would say to me, my son, qu' do you make? " Especially, all that costs very much. On average, 30 dollars additional by half-hectare to produce soya, 70 for cotton. The outputs are in fall of 20% to 30%. " This business cost million, affirms Ken Smith. Some could not hold l' year prochaine."

Colby McChesney, 26 years, n' " has; not l' intention to change métier". " I completely drop Roundup Ready, lance this young man, all by traversing in waterspout its 1.500 hectares. Some s' hang to l' hope that will better be, me I think that, if one wants to repair it system, it is necessary all to change. If not, one is likely to lose the contrôle." L' next year, it will sow cotton and soya LibertyLink, a GMO of Bayer. He functions with a different weedkiller, relatively effective on Amaranthus palmeri. The young farmer will test also seeds conventional " for voir".

Much d' farmers think of it, unwillingly, like a regression. Sid Fogg tried l' experiment on some pieces. Like any seed-bearer does not sell any more conventional varieties, c' is l' university of l' Arkansas which has founi to him seeds. " I do not see why I would continue to pay the seeds Monsanto three times the price of conventional, whereas I will spend in both cases of l' money in herbicides" , he explains. The problem, c' is qu' it n' there will not have enough LibertyLink seeds and conventional for all it world l' next year. Chuck Yates, the merchant of agricultural produce of Marianna, estimates that 75% of the request only will be honoured.

Monsanto recognizes that the problem is " sérieux". " We thought of departure that l' emergence of resistances would be difficult, affirms Rick Stick, charged with the file. We must now recognize that d' others products must be used with Roundup for the maîtriser." L' company is found forced to make promotion d' weedkillers sold by competitors. It refunds even 12 dollars by half-hectare with the cotton producers who have recourse there. But, according to it, Roundup " always valeur" has;. " There remains effective on 300 perhaps bad grasses, the farmers have tendency to l' to forget, Rick Cole continues. And outputs of the varieties Roundup Ready will remain compétitifs."

Monsanto prepares already the blow d' afterwards. The seed-bearer one announces for 2014 one soya resistant to the dicamba and the glyphosate. And, two years later, one cotton resistant to three different weedkillers. Its competitors are also on the rows. " That which will arrive the first will gain much d' money! " , s' amuse Rusty Carter.

The anti-GMO denounce the not held promises of Monsanto, which has praised the savings in pesticides a long time realized with the varieties Roundup Ready. " C' was true at the beginning, but not on length terme" , confirm Colby McChesney. But, in spite of their disappointments, them farmers of l' Arkansas did not become hostile with the plants transgenic. Colby McChesney does not include/understand anything with the debate which agitates l' Europe: " That made ten years that I crunch soya beans and I am into perfect santé." None regrets either d' to have adopted these seeds. " On the blow, c' was really a good deal, summarizes Bill Wilkie. Now qu' is needed; us are found other chose."

In do they want in Monsanto? Not only. " All that is d' access of our fault, one n' did not reflect, and one used too a long time only one produit" , Sid Fogg affirms. " C' was like a drogue" , Bill increases Wilkie. D' others are more accusing. " If these seeds had been promoted correctly, one n' in would not be there, underlines Joe Whittenton, one large cotton producer. Me, j' always continued to use d' other weedkillers by fear of resistances. People of Monsanto came at home and said to me: " Drop, you n' ace not need for all that! " They n' did not look at rather far in the futur."